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What is a Mt-DNA Test 

By  Staff Writer

what is a mt-dna test
What is a Mt-DNA Test

What is a Mt-DNA Test?

Mt-DNA, which is an abbreviated spelling of mitochondrial DNA, is the DNA of a person’s mitochondria that is passed down matrilineally. Mt-DNA does not change from mother to child, so both male and female children inherit the same mitochondrial DNA of his or her mother, maternal grandmother, and so on. A Mt-DNA test, also known as mtDNA test, can be used to test the origins of a person’s Mt-DNA. As mutations are rare, matches of Mt-DNA between people is likely to be because of a common ancestor.

Testing Mt-DNA
Mt-DNA tests can be taken to sequence the genomes a person has. The two most common tests that sequence M-DNA genomes are the HVR1 test and also the HVR2 test. The HVR1 test is the most basic sequencing. This test is useful for finding the DNA haplogroup you belong to. By adding the second hypervariable region, i.e. by testing HVR1&2, you can more specifically identify your ethnic origins from the last 2,000 years. As prices are dropping for the tests, some have stopped offering a single sequence and instead sell the whole package. Many people choose to have the full mitogenome sequenced anyway. This full sequencing is often called a “full mitochondrial sequence”, or an “FMS test”. An FMS test is capable of providing all 16,569 bases in the genome sequence and therefore can determine the most detailed subclade assignment to a person’s ancestry.

Where to Get Mt-DNA Testing
Currently, Family Tree DNA and GeneBase are the only companies offering the FMS test. Family Tree DNA is an example of a company that offers three levels of the Mt-DNA testing: HVR1, HVR1&2, and the FMS test. Family Tree also offers tools and resources to help interpret the results from a full test. With this information, a customer can view the various haplogroups and get an understanding of where their ancestors came from. By having results in the database, the customer also has the option of exploring other profiles with similar results. In just a few clicks of a mouse, both close and distant cousins can be discovered.

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